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Publications
Varela, J.M. and Guedes Soares, C. (2005), “Survey of Techniques for Real-Time Visualization of the Ocean Surface”, Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Ocean and Coastal Resources, Guedes Soares, C., Garbatov, Y. e Fonseca, N. (Eds.), Francis & Taylor Group, London, UK, Vol. 2, pp. 1167-1174
A survey of several Computer Graphics techniques used currently for wave generation and visualization of the sea surface in Virtual Environments (VE) is presented. A combination of sinusoidal and trochoidal wave functions with different parameters are used to generate several wave trains with diverse directions, frequencies and amplitudes in order to simulate the visual appearance of the ocean surface in different sea status. Supplementary visual effects such as wind, environment reflection, surface roughness, spray and foam may be added in order to increase the realism of the scenario. The scalability of the environment and the increase of performance are achieved with the use of vertex and pixel shaders for the calculation of the surface deformation and roughness respectively. The use of progressive meshes and projected grids as acceleration techniques to represent the sea surface allows extending it to a larger area.
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