Publications

Semedo, A., Vettor, R., Breivik, O., Sterl, A., Reistad, M. and Guedes Soares, C. (2013), “Wind sea and Swell Waves in the Nordic Seas”, 13th International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting, Banff, Canada

The waves at the ocean surface are the most obvious air-sea interaction phenomena at the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean. These wind waves (henceforth simple called waves) account for most of the energy carried by all waves at the ocean surface (Kinsman 1965), and have a significant impact on coastal infrastructures, ship design and routing, coastal erosion and sediment transport, and are an important element in storm surges and flooding events. Two types of ocean waves can be identified at the ocean surface: wind sea and swell. Wind sea waves are waves under the influence of local winds. As waves propagate from their generation area, or when their phase speed is higher than the local wind speed, they are called swell. Swell waves can propagate thousands of kilometers across entire ocean basins (Snodgrass et al. 1966; Alves 2006).

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