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Guedes Soares, C., Fonseca, N. e Pascoal, R. (2008), “Abnormal Wave Induced Load Effects inn Ship Structures”, Journal of Ship Research, Vol. 52, N.º 1, pp. 30-44

The paper explores the possibilities of using abnormal, freak or episodic waves as additional wave load conditions to be considered in the design of ship structures. It refers to the present procedure of determining extreme values of wave induced responses, including the recent advances of adopting time series of wave elevation as reference design conditions to calculate the wave induced structural loads on ships in heavy weather. It is shown how this procedure can be extended to account for abnormal or episodic waves. Reference is made to what is presently known about abnormal or freak waves, showing that although possible to determine the loads induced in floating and fixed structures by these waves, the present knowledge about the probability of occurrence of these waves is not enough to allow a wave design criteria to be defined in a way consistent with the present probabilistic approaches. However, it is suggested that at the present stage of knowledge it is possible to determine the loads induced by abnormal waves similar to ones that have been measured and which are thus realistic. Although this information cannot substitute the wave induced loads calculated with the presently established procedures, it can serve as guidance for the design. An application example is presented of a containership subjected to a wave trace which includes an episodic wave that was measured during a severe storm in a storm in Central North Sea during a severe storm, which includes an episodic wave. The measured wave time history is modified in order to investigate the influence of the wave steepness on the induced vertical motions and loads.

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